A vaccine is a biological substance designed to boost immunity against an infection caused by bacterias and viruses. These vaccines function by training the immune system to a particular infection. To dwell further we should know the basics of how the immune system functions (for more details refer to the previous article on " The production of antibodies and their roles "). The immune system relies on immune cells called the lymphocytes; they produce the chemical substance known as antibodies along with a memory cell. These secreted antibodies are used to fight against the foreign invaders by attaching to the antigen of the pathogen. This antigen is the active part of the pathogen causing infections. The binding of the antigens and the antibodies suggest how the body fights the infection. With the case of vaccines the same antigen is injected into the body to create defences against specific diseases before you even get them. The simple concept of the working of the vaccin...